Estimations show that 2 to 3 million Ghanaian live abroad. Many migrated to Nigeria, and the neighbouring countries. From the 1990s Ghanaians also began migrating to the Liberia, the Middle East and the West (UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Canada). These migrations meant a huge loss of trained personnel, the so-called braindrain. This international migration has also had positive effects for the Ghanaian economy, since remittances are estimated to 32-400 million dollars a year. But also within Ghana there is a lot of mobility. Fishermen, farmers and traders move seasonally, but also school children migrate outside their hometowns (in 1998 15 percent of school children lived elsewhere).